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過去完成時(shí)

1、概念：

表示過去的過去。其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。那時(shí)以前　那時(shí)　現(xiàn)在　　　　　　

2、用法

a.　在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

b. 狀語(yǔ)從句在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

例句：He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

典型例題　

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.　

A. had written, left　B，were writing, has left　 C. had written, had left　D. were writing, had left

答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動(dòng)作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

注意：　had no … when　　　　　還沒等…… 就…… had no sooner… than　　剛…… 就…… He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

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